Homelessness has existed throughout human history, but the way society and government responds to it has changed dramatically over the centuries. Understanding the history of homelessness policy in England helps us appreciate how far we have come — and how far we still have to go. At Seaside CIC, we are aware that our work exists within a long tradition of efforts to address one of society’s most persistent challenges.
The Victorian Era
In Victorian England, homelessness was treated primarily as a moral failing. The Poor Law system offered workhouses as the only official support for destitute people — harsh institutions designed to deter the poor from seeking help. Charitable organisations including the Salvation Army and various church groups also provided shelters and soup kitchens.
The Post-War Welfare State
The creation of the welfare state after World War Two — including the NHS, social security, and a major programme of council house building — dramatically reduced homelessness in the UK. By the 1960s and 1970s, the vision of decent housing for all seemed within reach.
The 1977 Housing (Homeless Persons) Act
This landmark legislation — later consolidated into the Housing Act 1996 — created a legal duty for local authorities to house certain categories of homeless people, including families with children and vulnerable adults. For the first time, homelessness became a legal entitlement rather than a matter of charity.
The Homelessness Reduction Act 2017
The most significant recent reform was the Homelessness Reduction Act 2017, which extended local authorities’ duties to prevent homelessness. All single people — not just priority need groups — now have a right to receive help from their council if they are homeless or at risk of homelessness within 56 days. Seaside CIC welcomed this reform and works alongside Brighton and Hove City Council to deliver on its ambitions.
